A review of genetic epidemiology of personality disorder / 中国心理卫生杂志

This article reviews studies on the heredity of personality disorders and family environment factors from the population-based studies, and summarizes the interaction between genetic factors and environmental factors. Studies have shown that there is a genetic basis for personality disorders, including family studies, twin studies, and neurophysiological studies. In addition, environmental factors, including social psychological factors, also play an important role in the development of personality disorder. In sum, the occurrence of personality disorder is the result of interactions between genetic factors and environmental factors. This paper snmmarizes sresearch on personality disorders, and investigates the role of interaction between genetic and environmental factors in the development of personality disorders. Such evidence has implications for effective prevention and intervention of personality disorders.

Relationship between HLA-DQB1 allele as well as expression level of Th1/Th2 cytokines with familial clustering of hepatocellular carcinoma in Guangxi yao / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To elucidate the relationship between HLA-DQB1 allele polymorphism as well as the expression level of Th1/Th2 cytokines with familial clustering of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) to provide some evidence for the seeking susceptibility gene or resistant gene of HCC in Guangxi yao,China.Methods:With the same sexuality,age ±5 year,40 members whose families have had two or more HCC patients( high-occurrence families) were selected as the case group,and 40 members whose families have no any cancer patient were selected as the controls.Peripheral blood samples were collected to extract DNA,PCR-SSP was used to detect HLA-DQB1 alleles and ELISA was used to detect IL-2,IL-4 and IL-10.Results:(1) The gene frequency of the HLA-DQB1*02/09 alleles in the case group was higher than that in the controls(P0.05 ).( 2 ) The gene frequency of alleles HLA-DQB1 in HBsAg positive group and HBsAg negative group were never significant difference (P>0.05).(3)The expression levels of IL-4,IL-10 in the case group was higher than that in the control ( P<0.05 ).( 4 ) The expression level of IL-10 in the positive group of the HLA-DQB1*02 allele was higher than that in the negative group of the HLA-DQB1*02 allele ( P<0.05 ).( 5 ) The expression level of IL-4 in the positive group of the HLA-DQB1*09 allele was higher than that in the negative group of the HLA-DQB1*09 allele( P<0.05) .Con-clusion:(1) HLA-DQB1*02/09 seem to be susceptibility genes of hepatocellular carcinoma in high HCC incidence areas of Guangxi yao.(2) There may be not significant correlation bewteen HLA-DQB1 alleles and the susceptibility of HBV infection in high HCC incidence areas of Guangxi yao.( 3 ) The imbalance of IL-4, IL-10 might be associated with familial clustering of hepatocellular carcinoma in Guangxi yao.(4)The imbalance of IL-10 might be due to the carrying of HLA-DQB1*02;the imbalance of IL-4 might be due to the carrying of HLA-DQB1*09.Through the same approaches,these might lead to the phenomenon of familial aggregation of HCC in Guangxiyao.

Analysis of hepatitis B virus genotype in regions in Guangxi with high incidence of primary liver cancer / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the distribution and characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype in the region in Guangxi with high incidence of primary liver cancer (PLC). Methods 103 pairs of samples from the sex- and age-matched members with HBsAg-positive from PLC-clustering families (the experimental group) and carcinoma-free families (control group) were collected. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing methods were applied for the analysis of HBV genotype. Results Four HBV genotypes: B, C, B/C and D, were detected, the percentages of them in the two groups were 31.1%, 63.1%, 1.9%, 1.9% and 30.1%, 55.3%, 6.8%, 2.9%, respectively, showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). HBeAg positive rates were significantly different between genotype C and B (P 0.05). Conclusions The main genotypes were types B and C besides a small number of combined genotypes B/C and D in the regions of Guangxi with a high incidence of PLC. There may be few relationships between HBV genotypes and the high incidence of PLC for familial clustering in Guangxi.

Agregación familiar de causa genética en familiares de primer grado de mujeres con síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos / Familial clustering of genetic origin in first-degree relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Introducción: La existencia de manifestaciones del síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos en familiares de primer grado de pacientes con ese síndrome, ha permitido sospechar la participación de un componente genético en su patogénesis.Objetivos: identificar características clínicas del síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos en familiares de primer grado de mujeres con ese síndrome, e identificar si existe agregación familiar para el síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, en 28 mujeres con síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos y 28 mujeres sin él, todas entre 18 y 49 años. Se les realizó un interrogatorio, examen físico, así como un árbol genealógico detallado buscando familiares de primer grado con estigmas del síndrome. Se calcularon las estadísticas descriptivas de todas las variables. Se realizó un estudio de agregación familiar general, y luego particular de casos y controles. Se calculó el OR con un 95 pr ciento de intervalo de confianza, como estadígrafo que mide la magnitud de asociación, y se estimó el riesgo de padecer la enfermedad si existía el antecedente familiar. En todos los casos se consideró un nivel de significación de p< 0,05.Resultados: 19 de los familiares de primer grado de las mujeres con síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos tuvieron hirsutismo, y solo 3 de los controles (p= 0,00); en el caso de las alteraciones menstruales, 16 de los familiares de primer grado de parentesco de los casos, manifestó este trastorno, y en los controles fueron solamente 7 (p= 0,04). La calvicie de aparición en edades tempranas está presente en 16 de los hombres con parentesco de primera línea filial de las mujeres afectadas, y solo 3 se observaron en los controles (p= 0,03). De los 48 familiares de primer grado estudiados de las mujeres con síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos, el 37,50 por ciento tenían criterios del síndrome. En el estudio de agregación familiar se estimó una posibilidad de 14,27 veces mayor de padecer la enfermedad, si se es familiar de un paciente afectado. Conclusiones: los estigmas de síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos y el mismo como tal son frecuentes en los familiares de primer grado de mujeres con él, y se demostró que existe agregación familiar(AU)

Introduction: Manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome in first-degree relatives of patients suffering this disorder have allowed suspecting the involvement of a genetic component in its pathogenesis.Objectives: to identify the clinical characteristics of the polycystic ovary syndrome in the first-degree relatives of women with this syndrome and to detect the familial clustering for the polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: cross-sectional and descriptive study of 28 females with polycystic ovary syndrome and 28 syndrome-free females aged 18 to 49 years-old. They were questioned and physically examined, and a detailed family tree was created to look for first-degree relatives with the syndrome stigma. Summary statistics for all variables were estimated. A general familial clustering study in addition to a case and control study were performed. The 95 percent CI odds ratio was estimated as an statistic that measures the range of association. The risk of suffering the disease in case of familial background was also assessed. The level of significance was p< 0.05 in every case. Results: nineteen of the first-degree relatives of women with the polycystic ovary syndrome had hirsutism and just three of the controls (p= 0.00). Regarding the menstrual alterations, this disorder manifested itself in 16 of the first degree relatives and in 7 of the controls(p= 0.04). Baldness appears at early ages in 16 of first-degree male relatives and only 3 were found in the controls (p= 0.03). Of 48 studied first-degree relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, 37.50 percent met the syndrome criteria. The familial clustering study estimated that the relative of a patient is 14.27 more likely to suffer the disease. Conclusions: polycystic ovary syndrome stigmas and the syndrome as such are frequent in the first-degree relatives of women suffering this disorder and it was proved that familiar clustering does exist(AU)

Relationship between hotspot mutations in basic core promoter of hepatitis B virus and familial clustering of hepatocellular carcinoma in Guangxi / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between mutations in basic core promoter (BCP) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and familial clustering of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Guangxi. Methods 153 pairs of members with HBsAg-positive were selected and matched from HCC high-incidence families and carcinoma-free families in Guangxi. The BCP genes were amplified and sequenced. Results The hotspot sites of the previous five mutations in BCP were T1762, A1764, G1775, V1753, G1803. In univariant analysis, HBV DNA≥105 copies/mL, T1762, A1764 and V1753 mutations were associated with the HCC high-incidence (P <0.05). The multivariate logistic analysis showed that HBV DNA≥105 copies/mL and A1764 were independent risk factors for it. Conclusion HBV DNA level, the mutations in BCP showed correlations with familial clustering of HCC in Guangxi.

Epidemic survey of familial clustering risk factors for hepatitis B in Shanghai area / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the familial clustering risk factors for hepatitis B in Shanghai area. Methods: A standard, two-page questionnaire was designed to investigate the risk factors for HBV infection in the family members of index cases. The risk factors were analyzed between families with HBV clustering and families without HBV clustering (controls). Results: A total of 870 family members from 298 families were investigated. Multivariable analysis showed that family members with liver cirrhosis (P = 0.004, OR = 2.548, 95% CI 1.352-4.800) and sharing of towels (P=0.016, OR=1.864, 95% CI 1.125-3.089) were the independent factors for familial clustering of hepatitis B. Conclusion: Family members with liver cirrhosis and sharing of towels are the major risk factors for intrafamilial transmission of HBV in Shanghai.

Study on the relationship between familial clustering of hepatocellular carcinoma and polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2E1 gene in Zhuang populationl Guangxi / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the relationship between familial clustering of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and the polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2E1 gene(CYP2E1)as well as of other relevant risk factors to the cancer.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 91 members of 10 HCC clustering families and 102 of 10 control families,among Zhuang population,in Guangxi.The area had been with high incidence rate of HCC.Genotypes and allele frequencies of CYP2E1 Rsa I site were determined by polymerase chain reaction.combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP).Serum HBsAg was tested by means of ELISA.Data on relevant risk factors of the cancer were collected as well.through a unique questionnaire.Results Frequencies of c1/c1 and c1/c2 genetypes of CYP2E1 Rsa I site were 63.7%and 36.3%.respectively,in the members of families with cancer clustering phenomena.In the members of the control families.these two rates were 48.0%and 52.0%,respectively (OR=1.901,95%CI:1.067-3.387).Difference of genotypes frequencies of CYP2E1 Rsa I site between the members in these two groups was statistically significant(X2=4.797,P=0.029).According to the results from non-condition logistic regression analysis.the major risk factors on familial clustering of HCC could be listed as:intake of corns.HBsAg carrying status and CYP2E1 c1/c1 genotype.Conclusion The relationship seemed to exist between familial clustering of HCC and the frequencies of polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2E1 gene(CYP2E1).The frequencies of CYP2E1 Rsa I site were neither the only nor the major factor,causing the familial clustering phenomenon of cancel More possible,it Was the affect of syntheses with the involvement of multiple factors.

A Case of Familial Clustering of Hepatitis C Virus / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

The familial environment may also play an important role in the epidemiology of HCV infection through vertical and horizontal transmission by infected household members. However, it is still controversial whether familial clustering of HCV occurs. We experienced a case of familial clustering of hepatitis C virus. A 10-year old girl presented with nausea, vomiting and anorexia for a month was diagnosed as hepatitis C. Her mother, grandmother, a maternal aunt and her daughter had contracted with HCV. Her laboratory findings showed AST/ALT 63/122 IU/L, positive anti-HCV Ab and HCV RNA (3.54 x 10(5) copies/mL). Pathologic findings of the liver biopsy revealed chronic hepatitis with minimal lobular activity, mild porto-periportal activity and mild portal fibrosis. After treatment with interferon-alpha 2b for 6 months, the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings were normalized.

Familial clustering of hepatitis B and C viruses in Korea

In order to evaluate the familial clustering of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) infections and to elucidate the possible routes of HCV transmission among Korean adults with chronic liver disease, 137 household contacts of 51 chronic carriers of HBsAg and 111 household contacts of 38 controls, and 181 household contacts of 96 anti-HCV positives and 102 household contacts of 76 anti-HCV negatives were tested from July 1990 to March 1994. Of 71 non-vaccinated household contacts of HBsAg carriers, 10 gave positive result for HBsAg(14.1%), but none of the household contacts of the controls were positive for HBsAg(p< 0.05). Familial clustering of HBV infection was found, when the offspring of carriers and controls were compared. A significantly higher percentage of the offspring of carriers were positive for HBV infection(54.6% vs 15.4%, p< 0.05) with OR of 6.6(95% Cl; 1.3-34.5). No evidence of familial clustering of HCV infection was found with 2.2%(4/181) anti-HCV positivity among the household contacts of index cases, similar to 1.0%(1/102) among those of controls. History of acute hepatitis(OR 3.2), transfusion(OR 3.2), and acupuncture(OR 2.5) were associated with an increased risk of HCV infection. In conclusion, HBV has strong familial clustering whereas HCV does not in Korea.